Most crowd simulation research either focuses on navigating characters through an environment while avoiding collisions or on simulating very large crowds. This work focuses on creating populations that inhabit a space as opposed to passing through it. Characters exhibit behaviors that are typical for their setting. We term these populations functional crowds. A key element of this work is ensuring that the simulations are easy to create and modify. Roles and groups help specify behaviors, a parameterized representation adds the semantics of actions and objects, and four types of actions (i.e. scheduled, reactive, opportunistic, and aleatoric) ensure rich, emergent behaviors. To do this, we:
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Balint, T. and Allbeck, J.M. Is that How Everyone Really Feels? Emotional Contagion with Masking for Virtual Crowds. In Proceedings of Intelligent Virtual Agents 2014,
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Li, W., Di, Z., and Allbeck, J.M. Crowd Distribution and Location Preference. In Journal of Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds. Vol. 23 Iss. 3-4, pp. 343-351, May 2012. |
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Li, W. and Allbeck, J.M. Populations with Purpose. In Proceedings of Motion in Games. Springer, pages 133-144, 2011. |
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Allbeck, J.M. and Badler, N.I. Simulating Human Activities for Synthetic Inputs to Sensor Systems. In Distributed Video Sensor Networks. B. Bhanu, C.V. Ravishankar, A.K. Roy-Chowdhury, H. Aghajan, and D.Terzopoulos (Eds). Springer. 2011, pages 193-206. |
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Durupinar, F., Pelechano, N., Allbeck, J., Gudukbay, U., and Badler, N. The Impact of the OCEAN Personality Model on the Perception of Crowds. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 22-31, May/June, 2011. |
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Allbeck, J.M. CAROSA: A Tool for Authoring NPCs. In Proceedings of Motion in Games. Springer, 2010, pages 182-193. |
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Allbeck, J.M., Functional Crowds. In Workshop on Crowd Simulation co-located with the 23rd Annual Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents. Saint Malo, France, 2010. |
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Allbeck, J.M. Creating 3D Animated Human Behaviors for Virtual Worlds. Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 2009. |
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Pelechano, N., Allbeck, J. and Badler, N. Virtual Crowds: Methods, Simulation, and Control. Morgan and Claypool Publishers, San Rafael, CA, 2008. |